Page 15

Allot Tobacco By The Pound or Bv The Acre?

A proposal by United States Sena tor Kerr Scott, of North Carolina, to switch flue cured tobacco allot ments to a poundage basis rather than an acreage basis was mildly approved f:om testimony of inter ested growers at a meeting in Petersburg Monday, Approximately 125 farmers turned out for the hearing which is the only public meeting in Virginia to be held by the Senate agricultural subcommittee on the tobacco pound age plan. The subcommittee listened to the testimony of it Southside Virginia farmers- and the majority spoke in favor of the program. Sen. Scott called the hearing ‘'one of tlie most tolerant I have ever attended.” John Vance, president of the Vir ginia Farm Bureau, said he was in agreement with the proposed legis lation. and felt that most of the members of the Farm Bureau would “go along with the program." The thoorv behind the proposed legislation is to limit tin actual number of pounds a farmer may sell, instead of limiting the number of acres he may plant. As pointed out by those in favor of the plan, it would allow the farmer to raise the kind of tobacco that will sell, instead of merely try ing ot raise the most (in pounds)

per acre. By crowding the tobacco rows closer and closer together, and u. ::ig more and more fertilizer, farmers have been able to raise moie tobacco per acre, but the to bacco is generally pale and without the aroma wanted by the buyer. Thus the tobacco goes into the gov ernment support price pool. Several of the farmers opposed the plan because it penalizes per sonal incentive and “subsidizes for the lack of it." Senator Scott told the larmers at the meeting that they will be given another year to study the program befori it i; -en-d upon. It will be voted on by a referendum. Scott said each type of tobacco will be voted on separately. Another group that opposes Scott's idea is the Little Farmers Protec tive Association that was organized February 28 at Chatham. They went on record at that time “as opposing Senator Scott's bill regulating to bacco production by both poundage and acreage.” That group was organized to cor rect what they called “flaws in the existing system of allocating tobacco acreage." They charged that federal authorities have been unfair in dis tributing acreage allotments and have taken acreage from the small farmer and given it to the large grower.

Farm Questions of the Week

(Editor’s note: Herr are the questions asked most frequently h\ \ irginia farmers during the past week, as reported by county agri cultural agents. Staff members of tile VIM Agricultural Extension Ser\ ano-or Experiment Station supply the answers.) Q I have sorghum, corn. oats, and barley. How can I best use these grains for feeding hogs? Should I feed for fast gams or for slow gains? A Peed a balanced ration made up of a mixture of the grains with protein supplement. Peed market hogs for fast gains. Peed breeding stock to keep them in a healthy con dition. but not necessarily for fast gains. Q What can I do about the al falfa weevil? A Watch your alfalfa fields close h\ and when most of the plant tops shew some injury, apply in secticides. Infestations vary l r o m medium to heavy in infested areas of the state now. dvtt v n ii v in iu Seed Not Available Until Next Year Another new yellow corn hybrid - VPI 8.53- has been developed at VPI, and is being recommended with kudos for all areas in Virginia east of the Blue Ridge this season. Dr. C. P. Center, agronomist, and Dr. C. W. Roane, plant pathologist, who cooperated in the development of the new hybrid, say it has sev eral advantages. Yields and slanda bility have been good, and the quality of the grain has been high. I! lias good resistance to both leaf blights and stlk rots. In southern Piedmont, average raid for the new hybrid has been 74 bushels, as compared to 87 bushels for VPI t,48. 78 for VPI 848. and 87 for US 282A In northern Piedmont, the new hybrid has averaged 85 bushels per acr. us compared to 81 bushels for VPI 84., bushels for VPI 848. and 80 bushels for US 282A In western and southwestern Vir ginia. yields have also been high.

! Q -Is it. too late to topdress small j grains? Is it time to spray small | grains to control wild vetch and ! garlic? A -Small grains should have been topdressed in February or March. To control wild vetch and garlic, tpray after th£ plants have tillered ' but before they begin to joint It is about time now. Q What causes crimson clover to die in spots? A At this time of year, the trou ble is probably caused by stem rot. When warm weather comes the . clover will grow back unless it has been completely killed. 0—Should the alfalfa I seeded in 195(5 be topdressed this year? If the alfalfa was seeded in the fall on land of high fertility, top d’Tssing may not be necessary. However, generally alfalfa should be topdressed each year. Q- Is it too late to .seed oats? A Yes, it is too late except in the area west of the Blue Ridge where oats can be seeded up until April 10. but one more year's testing wit! be done before the new hybrid will be recommended there. VP I 053 s standability and quality rf grain also has ben consistently better than that of US 262A. Medium plant and ear height, with rather long slim ears and bright yellow grain are characteristics of VPt 053. It is of about the same maturity as VPI 045 and VP 1040 medium early east of the Blue ridge. Ur. Genter said seed will not be available commercially until next year. Baldwin Bros. Box 112 Farmville, Vo. MOVING Local and Long Distance HAILING INSURED CARGO Prompt, Efficient Service PHONE 367-M %

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Missouri Congressman Suggests New Look At Old I arm SVoblems

The nature of the farm problem is being explored almost daily in the Congress. Today we present the views of Hep. Charles II Brown, of Missouri. Would you listen to a voice in the wilderness for a moment? For the last 15 years X have visited with thousands of fanners all over America That was the way I mat farmers, getting the story of their operation and writing their case his tories. I do not profess to have any magic answers to the farm prob lem. and I have learned here in V\ else ha But could we restate a few funda mentals here, ami s t ■ if they !:a v <■ any merit? First of all. what this Congress is trying to do here, apparently, is to patch and plug a basic crop flexible price support, soil bank farm pro gram that has already been patched and n patched too m'any times. This is another law that will fur ther complicate the network of com plicated farm laws; when the truth is the laws have been getting more and more complicated as we go along and more and more negative in their cutbacks and controls. S > complicated, in fact, that it now takes a large army of employ -e. in the Department of Agriculture to police them. The Government is now spending a record $5 5 billion on a crazy quilt farm pieman:, unci what has it accomplished1 The greatest farm depression since the 1920s. Now, 1 submit, the real funda mental we must face is that auri

culture can ao longer be controlled by controlling six basic crops and all the soil-bank adaptations and ehything o far i . ha \ e not changed that fundamental. Talk all you like. I seriously ques tion if we can ever make a smooth, smart, jand saucy 1957 model out of a 1938 agricultural program merely by patching and plugging and re painting the component parts. There have been too many changes in ag riculture since 1938 and we must face the facts of life-. Twenty years ago we did not have any dacron and nylon or other synthetic fibers. Cotton was a lot more basic 20 years ago than it is today. Twenty years ago you ladies were not dieting quite so much. You were eating a lot more bread, and. people were buying flour by the 24-pound and 48-pound bag. Down South they were buying it by the 200-pound in riel Wheat was a 18 more basic tin n. And wind about corn , 8 ne T wo - tiiinois-Indiana corn bloc tells us that corn is just as basic as it ever was that it is the whole iife-and-death key to the livestock and poultry production in this coun try. But now just a minute, what is the whi.ie story? Corn is jtist about 50 per cent a's basic as it was 2-i years ago and therein lies the root of til. whole problem. Twenty years ago the people in the Corn Belt were producing a 20i> ! : ■: : o :h ,82 . i 2 i bu.-in ■ e; corn. But they are not feeding that way any more. They are produci ng a 2iHt-pound hog with 12 bushels of emu and loo pounds of protein sup plement, soybean or cottonseed meal. Now. which is basic, the corn or the soybean and the cottonseed

meal? On hogs, we have to face it that the corn market potential has been cut 50 per cent by changes in feed ing methods I am not saying that it was wrong. I am just saying let us be realistic and recognize what has happened. Poultry rations today are made up mostly of small grains, maiz.e or milo because producers have found both r 01 more' economical. Less than one-fourth ot the current dairy ration is corn. That is a big change from 20 years ago And whal about beef? The lab st figures for n states, including the rum Corn Rdf States show that less than five per cent of the cattle are fed anything hut grass and pro tein supplement for as much as six months, and less than 2,1 per cent of the cattle in this country ever see any corn for as much as three months out of the year. Bv far the : ■ ■ : duo d in this country today is grass fed. with a little cottonseed or soy . . months I held a steak in one of the res taurants on Capitol Hill the other day and I guarantee that that bull neve- saw an ear of corn. I think he was fed on Johnson grass and Jimson weed. Changes m feeding habits ail over the Nation and including the corn belt have seriously reduced the de mand fm corn m the past 2? years. Vet. the coni bloc apparently in sists on j| million basic acres, just like ' !.! : :m •- And 55 million acres "i can will be grown, whether Con gress applies this patch to the crazy quilt farm problem or not.

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FFA (M Members \Yi! Participate fn Lives!or\ "-V: Four Buckingham FFA members will be among the s!a*e youth.- who have entered Richmond's Annual Junior Premium St wk Show and Sale to bo held April it and l!> B"ddy Pankey. ! D ■ r-n backer and David Seay will iia tU . pate in the shew .* • of ; -I !■ hoes at the sail Pail key will s’..., t . a. stee-s. De- < • w■ -oc’■■ ■ -•■ on-- 4 stee— a ltd S'-nv. one Pi ref" Is* FFA end 4 club n i f ■ . ?!? VTgbbn c unti* « 1 'a< i vt ill the shew ■>nri -ah w'- h bn,': ht m/—e than $14 tin t.> th“ youthful exhibitors last yea The fi st d;iv if thr how will lie devoted to ro’iihli! ! r:rlie" bv the repres'-ufatin -s of the Virginia Division of M-« ! ts ' shown from it a m to 1 pan. with the s-1le be-burn" at I :(•> o rn. Hor,; will be sold fi st, following immedi ately bv cattle. Animals may be purchased by processors, "meat dealers, or any organisation desir ing quality beef or po-k.

Alone with the sale money trophies ribbons, and s p e cial n-emutms wilt be awarded the > x hibito-s. Trophies will be nr<-senti d by Colonial Slo-es. F. W. Woolworth Comnanv and the A and P Food stores Spiral p-emuuns will b: presented by 12 breed association: One of the at factions a* the show will be t!io appea-ait'-e <>£ P. S. T’-oubadon i! Iftfitj Interna ■ ;a! Grand ClrtnipioR of the China Livestock purchased hv the Greeiibri* i lintel for $20.HH7.:Vi . 1 >imal keted by rue Baclrv iia n Ft A m< mbers n part of tin ii ipc vised FFA farming projects The boys will be indeed { r shu" mats ship, as well as the appearance of the animal itself. A runaway Air 1 <:c mat.a! a missile that was launched m New Mexico was believed to have cralli ed in western Colorado in' eastern Utah.

Nei l ironic Per Virginia Farm Crows P Pi'i !:til! I Eider Nation's A\era e

Ni ; income per farm in Virgin; i in lt».M> rose 14 per cent to $1.47ti. ■ :> -'s D. U. Livermore, agricul ;u al nr nomist at VIM Ties is abet1 Stood less than the national; average. Average tress income in 18M w-ss •' : dot. up eight per cent from $3,782 for itr.r, Tuul receipts rose, mostly ! cau.-e r.f increased cash r< crip’s from p itato* s. peanuts, soybeans, apples, and dairy products M VI- then half of Virs.'in’.-J S farm fn.nrlies rlp-ive addition'.I income from non-f rm sources, mainly from omulcyment in industry and com merce The amount from this source by states is not available Based on : tioi g i timati inc n< derivt 1 from off-form sources by Virginia I farm fanvlies may be nearly equal to net farm earnings. The impor ts nee of this factor in rural Virginia, may increase as the state's indus trial economy increase--. Livermore says. Gross and Net Gross income includes the value of !;g products sold or used iu the fa-m heme, plus government |. - n: rts 'o farm" s, and the rental \ ' ; ■ • r fa t:i dwellings. N. * income is cbtirned bv subtracting total farm production expenses from a * omo

Cu a national basts, farmers’ net >me in 1956 rose to an estimated 11 H bill, a dollars, up four per cent from 19r>5. Payments under the new Soil flank and wool incentive programs accounted f< r about 300 million dol tavs ef the increase. The Termin ate million dollars reflected in "i ■ t-d .jP;s from farm marketings, only partly offset by Tie he- production expenses. In 1956. there was a net liqnida ■iou of inventories, especially cattle. In 1955. there was a net accumu •aiion of inventories. Net income of farm operators after adjustment for ■nventory change was 11.6 billion d 11 >rs in 1 :’“*i compan d wj'h 11 7 billion in 1955. Adding fann wages of 1.7 billion de'lars and 63 billion of income from non-farm sources to the ad iusted net income of farm operators gives 19 f! bdlion dollars as the total income of the farm population This was one per cent above 1955. With 'he fa m populai.nn showing very little change, per capita income also rest cne per cent to $1199. This was the first year since 1951 that per capita income of the farm popula tion did not decline. Pei- capita in come of the non-farm population in- , creased four per cent in 1956.

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