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Urea Facts
By W. H. Lyne
1. What is Urea? Urea is a synthetic that can be used as a protein supplement in feeding ruminants. Urea is manufactured from a series of chemical processes involving coal, air and water. 2. How is Urea used by ruminants?
a. Numerous investigations have shown that when urea is added to a suitable ration for ruminants, the bacteria la the rumen can convert it more or less completely into protein in their cells during the fermentation which occurrs there normally. The urea is first changed rapidly into ammonia in the rumen by these ruinen bacteria in the building of their protein. Further on in the digestive process of the cow, the bacteria is digested, and the protein in the body of the bacteria is made available to the animal. b. Most feed grade urea is 45% nitrogen. Crude protein is defined as the nitrogen content of a feed multiplied by 6.25 therefore 45% nitrogen feed grade urea is 281% protein or 45x6.25 • 281 c. Urea is 90 - 100% digestible by ruminants depending on several conditions.
(1) Urea should be fed more than once per day with other feeds to obtain maximum efficiency.
(2) Digestibility improves as the animals become used to urea.
(3) Urea should be fed to animals after the rumen is fully developed. Before the rumen is fully developed the bacterial population will’not be adequate for full utilization. Urea should not be fed to small calves as a source of protein. d. A ration containing a readily available amount of energy should be fed with urea to obtain maximum results. When urea is added to a ration which ha8 the usual amount of cereal grains, the conversion into protein is satisfactory, as the starch in the grain furnishes plenty of readily available energy for the bacteria. 3. How can Urea be fed with corn silage? Urea is added to corn silage at the time of filling by spreading 10 lbs. 6f urea per,ion on the wagon before it is blown into the silo. One or two loac)s of silage should be weighed to determine the amount of urea to be added. Thereafter, filling wagons to the same level
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