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a munaersiorm normally begins as a column of warm, moist, gently rising air that climbs faster than it cools and forms a cottony cumulus cloud. Under the right conditions, this “cell” gains power as it lifts. The cloud boils higher and higher. Water vapor condenses and droplets form. Ice crystals appear at the cap, which may tower more than 40,000 feet as a thundfcrhead.
A switch in air movement marks the tempest’s mature stage. A downdraft of air joins the prevailing updraft which started the disturbance.
In the middle, water drops grow heavy enough to overcome the updraft and fall. They drag cool air with them, and create the cold gust that blows from the fringes of the storm.
On the ground, winds can reach 70 miles per hour. A single deluge may release a hundred thousand tons of rain and hailstones as large as tennis balls.
Negatively and positively charged centers polarize within a thundercloud. Eventually, electrical discharges occur between one and the other or between one and the ground, creating lightning.
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