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Our law can be divided into two main categories— civil and criminal. Criminal law involves offenses against organized society as a whole - against the state, or, as it is sometimes expressed, against the sovereign. A crime is a wrongful Interference with some legally protected interest which all members of the community have in common.
A civil wrong is a wrongful interference with someprivate right of one or more individuals —a wrong a— gainst the individual as opposed to organized society.
John Doe agrees to pay Sam Jones certain funds but later breaks the contract. This may 4>e a matter of great concern to Sam, but it does not affect the community as a whole. It is a civil wrong-a private matter between Sam Jones and John Doe.
If, however, John Doe breaks into Sam’s house at night, or shoots him down in the street, it is more than a private matter. The community as a whole has taken an Interest in prohibiting this kind of conduct, as a danger to all. Burglary and murder are ( offenses not only against the injured party, but against the state. For this reason persons committing crimes are prosecuted by the state and not by individuals.
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