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In the Dark Ages, the church frowned on birthday celebrations as pagan survivals. Despite disapproval, noblemen often held great revels on their birthdays. By the 12th century, parish churches were keeping birth records. Birthday customs and folklore developed.
Birthday greetings were more than a friendly gesture in the Middle Ages. Good wishes on that day brought good fortune because the celebrant was then closer to the spirit wo^ld. Conversely, evil wishes meant bad luck. Belated greetings were most unwelcome. Even if friendly, they brought misfortune.
Cake and Candles The modern children's party grew out of the German Kinder feste. Centerpiece of the festive table was the Geburtstagtorte, a rich layer cake ringed with candles. In some families the candles were lighted when the child awakened. They were kept burning, with replacements, until the party. This guaranteed a happy year for the child. Blowing out the candles with one breath has several meanings. It recalls the tests of skill and strength once common on birthdays. It serves as a symbolic wiping out of the past and starting anew. Most importantly, it insures that a secret wish will come true In the Far East, the Chinese traditionally have attached great importance to birthdays especially such milestones as the first month, the first year, the tenth year, and the 50th year.
On his 60th birthday, a Chinese man officially joins the older ga^upration. Dutiful chii dren present their father with
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