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Even for the farmers who have studied their soils, the soils man's findings usual ly help to explain some of the things they have seen from year to year without exactly understanding what they saw, or thought they saw. Why the crops grow well in some places and not so well in others, for example; and why the crops on some spots slow up or stop growing when dry weather comes.
The soilsman also carries a small adjustable hand level that he uses to measure the steepness of slope, and, of course, a map on which to write down what he finds out about the soil and its slope. This base map is an aerial photograph that was taken on clear day from several thousand feet in the air. It shows the fields, roads, buildings, streams, forests, and various other features.
As he bores, the soilsman measures the depth of topsoil remaining and puts on the map the degree of sheet erosion and severity of gullying on each area.
The completed land capability may gives much useful information” to the farmer about the land he is farming. It is colored to fell him the suitability of each different piece of land for cultivation and other uses. Each color shows one of eight classes of land that are called Land Capability Classes.
Classes I, II and III include the land that is suited for regular cultivation, and Class IV the land that can be safely cultivated only in a limited way. Classes V, VI and VII include the land that is not suited for cultivation but is suited for grazing or forestry. Class VIII is not suited for cultivation, grazing or forestry, but may be used for wildlife or recreation.
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