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most abundant element on the earth's surface, it never occurs as a free metal In nature. Combined with other elements aluminum usually is mined from claylike ores called bauxite. Alumina, a white powdery material, is refined from bauxite, and the alumina, in turn, is converted into aluminum.
It was not until 1825 that Hans Christian Oersted, a Danish physicist, succeeded in isolating a few particles of aluminum in his laboratory.
Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, a French chemist, persuaded Napoleon III to grantrhim funds to work out an economical method of extracting aluminum. The Emperor thought the metal might have military value. The first object Deville produced, however, was that regal baby rattle. An aluminum brestplate quickly followed.
Aluminum excited wide interest. Charles Dickens wrote an enthusiastic magazine article about it. The novelist did complain that both “aluminum and “aluminium,* the English spelling, were awkward popular names. But the best alternatives the creator of Pecksniff, Pickwick, and Chuzzlewit could suggest were loam-silver, glebe-gold, and clay-tin.
Aluminum graduated from the laboratory in 1886. Charles Martin Hall, working in a \tfoodshed in Oberlin, Ohio, and tag Parisian Paul Heroult independently and almost simultaneously found the inexpensive, simple way to pro duce aluminum. Both inventors were just 22 years old The Hall-Heroult process dissolves alumina in molten
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