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shown to be of greater benefit than nutrient starter solutions. The objective of fertilization is to grow the maximum amount of potential bearing surface without encouraging cold injury. Dreiling recommends an application of a quarter to half a pound of 16 or 20% nitrate fertilizer each month during March, April and May the first three years. Weed and grass competition is another factor that can limit tree growth. Trees should be kept free from competition in an area of six to eight feet in diameter by cultivation or chemical weed control.. This eliminates competition for botti moisture and nutrients.
Newly set trees should be pruned immediately after planting. Trees should be headed back to 30 to 35 inches and cut to a bud on the windward side. This should keep the leader straight, Dreiling said.
During the first season’s growth in the orchard, sharp crotch angle branches develop from the topmost buds. These are removed when the shoots are four to five inches long, leaving the uppermost shoot to develop into the leader.
As young trees grow, crotch angles tend to become narrower and branches bend up, forming a dense tree. It is found necessary to follow some system of bending, tying or spreading to open these trees and maintain a dominant leader with a strong framework. This procedure will also aid in .developing the desirable pyramid-shaped tree.
TTie “tie down” or “limb spreader” methods of opening the trees should be started immediately after a year’s growth. Summer pruning can also be effective in cutting back new growth on non-permanent branches and forces growth into the permanent scaffold branches, Dreiling said.
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