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Undersea cables are expen* sive, and short-wave radio is unreliable. Magnetic disturbances in the upper atmosphere can play havoc with short wave as it bounces from earth to ionosphere and back. They may even block it out entirely.
Immediately after launching, Telstar began receiving disturbance-free microwave signals from the earth. The tiny satellite boosts the strength of these signals with its solar cells—8,600 in all—and relays them back to the ground. Its ability to transmit TV was swiftly proved. Its wider radio bands can accommodate many more telephone channels than cables and conventional radio equipment. Could Link All Countries
Dr. John R. Pierce, director of research at Bell Laboratories at Murray Hill, New Jersey, first offered concrete proposals for Telstar. He told National Geographic that 20 or 25 satellites could provide enough circuits to handle traffic between Europe and America. To link all the countries of the world would require 30 to 50.
But Telstar is not the only type of communications satel
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