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SPRAY MATERIALS
By A. H• Teske
The rernS.k is often heard, “Why is it that at the present time the spray programs call for many applications when frtvt growers used to produce good fruit with as little as three or four sprays ...” The answer is not difficult when it is consider ed that in those days there Were only two or three insects that were giving fruit growers any real concern, the two most important insects being San Jose scale and codling moth.-Among the diseases apple scab was the No1 problem. Even as late as the early thirties the Virginia spray program called for only four or five applications on both apples and peaches.
As fruit growing became more extensive and more intensive, with better annual cropping and marketing comoeth-'oTi demanding leaner fnrt better size and color, insect and disease problems increased. San Jose scale and codling moth ;nfestations built up. New' pests made th"ir appearance such as scurfy and other scales, mites, leaf rollers, case bearers, and Oriental fruit moth. Curculio and rosy aphis came in for mofe attention. On the disease side scab control became more of a problem. Cedar rust, Brooks spot, and bitter rot had to 1* contended with. Liquid lime sulfur and arsenate of lead, the old standbys for San Jose scale and coding moth, no longer met the needs for effective insect control. Liqftid lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture were no longer adequate to control diseases.
The old barrel pump with the bamboo, single nozzle, rod no longer did the job. Gasoline powered outfits with larger pump and tank capacity came into the picture and were followed by the larger capacity portable sprayers and stationary set-ups- To speed up operations, to save man power, and to add greater efficiency portable booms came into use which were quickly followed by speed sprayers and the development of the presentday concentrate machines. It is not surprising to find that the spray programs of yester-year could not be expected to meet the many changes and problems that must
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