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thirties lead arsenate, the old stand* by poison, cotild not be depended upon to give satisfactory control of codling moth, Oriental fruit moth, ' and certain other insects. The development of DDT has solved the control problem for these insects.
In like manner, progress has been made in the control of fruit diseases. An outstanding example is ^ the development of Ferl>am for the control of cedar and quince rusts, for which previous to lv>39 the cutting of cedar trees was the only * remedy.
Not only is Ferbam a specific for controlling rusts but it has brought to the fruit industry a fungicide with advantages over sulfur and Bordeaux mixture Liquid lime sulfur for many years was ocnsidered to be the No. 1 furgicide for use as a scab eradicant; that is, a material that will burn out scab after infection has taken place- While it is effective in this respect, it may cause serious injury to leaves, fru't, and fruit set. Now, there are available organic mercury compounds, which when applied at the proper time are effective in preventing scab infection and as an eradicant. They have the advantage over liquid lime sulfur is that they are safer from the standpoint cf injury to leaves and fruit. They do not reduce fruit set, and the apples have better finish at harvest time when the mercury sprays are used properly.
Hand thinning of fruit has always been a costly and time-consuming operation; so much so, that many growers did not thin their fruit. Progress has been made in finding chemicals that may be used to good advantage to replace the hand-thinning method. Chemical thinning sprays make it possible to do the job quickly and early enough to bring about annual bearing on apple varieties that have a habit of setting heavy crops every other year. The importance of Chemical thinning sprays has not been fully appreciated, especially their value in improving annual yields, stabilizing production—to say nothing of producing the kind of fruit consumers want most. While chemical thinning sprays have not been perfected to the extent that is possible to make specific recommendations, their use offers great possibilities..
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