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Layers of scaffold should be at least 30 inches apart. Heading scaffold branches delays fruiting, but is necessary for some varieties to induce branching and to stiffen the limb.
We have seen some plantings of spur Delicious trees with very poor growth after one or two years in the field. These trees will produce spurs rather than shoots, even with adequate water and nutrition. The only way to induce vigor and produce a productive tree is to head the leader back to about 12 inches or at least below the lowest limb on the leader.
Young Bearing Trees: Be sure to remove excess limbs and branches that compete with the leader. Some spreading will be necessary to maintain proper limb orientation.
Remember that vertical limbs are relatively nonfruitful and grow vigorously. Horizontal limbs produce water sprouts and lack vigor. Limbs oriented 30 degrees to 60 degrees from the horizontal are modern atley vigorous and fruitful.
Mature Trees: Concentrate on the top half of the tree to improve light penetration. Use thinning cuts to keep the top narrower than the tree bottom. Remove limbs with more than half the diameter of the central leader and spread upright limbs and watersprouts.
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