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ries year-round. Both use songs and calls to defend territory boundaries. All nesting, foraging, and feeding of nestlings occurs within the territory.
Pairs may bond any time of the year, sometimes as early as the fall of a bird’s hatch year. Males court females intensively, hopping around them and puffing their feathers. Males may offer food to the female during courtship and the early stages of nest building. Once formed, pair bonds are life-long, but a bird may find a new mate to replace one that has died.
Males build multiple nests within the territory, but females select the final nest site. Nests are usually built in enclosed areas, natural cavities, vine tangles, upturned roots, tree stumps, or abandoned woodpecker holes. They also nest in nest boxes and other, less-natural nooks and crannies such as mailboxes, glove compartments, tin cans, and old shoes.
The male and female construct the nest. It can take a pair from four days to over a week to complete a nest. Nests, dome-shaped with a side entrance, are made from bark strips, dried grasses, dead leaves, sticks, pine needles, mosses, feathers, straw, shed snakeskin, paper, and string. Nests are lined with hair or fur. They are rarely more than 12 feet above the ground.
Carolina Wrens are ground foragers, hopping and flitting on the ground, turning over leaf litter and investigating upturned tree roots, finding a variety of food items. The
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