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“It looks like someone took a paintbrush and-painted the forest!” That must be one of the most common remarks heard each fall, as thousands of people marvel at the glorious spectrum of colors in the hardwood forests of the United States.
In Colorado, it’s the gold of the aspen that inspires such enthusiasm. In New England, it might be the brilliant oranges and yellows of the sugar maples. And in the Shenandoah George Washington National Forest it’s the fire red of the dogwood and black gum.
Despite appearances, nature doesn’t paint with brushstrokes. Paint-by-numbers might be the accurate comparison, because each tree has its own fall color bound-up in the chemical composition of the sap, which provides the “instructions” on what color to turn.
According to the American Forest Council, trees change according to complex chemical formulas. Depending on how much iron, magnesium, phosphorus or sodium is in the tree, and the acidity of the chemicals in the leaves, trees might turn amber, gold, red, orange or just fade from green to brown. Scarlet oaks,
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