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and ground. I have a friend from New Orleans who declares coffee without chicory is no coffee at all.
During the Civil War, when imported coffee was blocked from entering Southern ports by Yankee ships, chicory was coffee, though it contains no caffeine. As recent as World War II, ground chicory roots were used to extend and enhance a limited supply of coffee beans.
Belgian endive, so sought after for salad greens, is the foliage of chicory gathered early. For marketable greens, the plants are grown in the dark, and new foliage is gathered before it becomes bitter.
In medical lore, Romans used chicory to cure liver ailments. Later, preparations from the root were used as a laxative and diuretic.
Followers of the Doctrine of Signatures interpreted chicory's milky sap as a divine sign that the plant provided a remedy for nursing mothers who have trouble producing milk.
This doctrine, interpreting Genesis, stated that God had put all plants on the earth for the use of man; if the use was not immediately clear, God had placed his "signature," or clue, on a plant to indicate its use. If a plant had heartshaped leaves, it was to be used to treat ailments of that organ and so on.
The Doctrine of Signatures has contributed common names of many plants such as hepatica, that elegant little early spring wild flower with pale lilac flowers and livershaped leaves.
More than a few wild
See CHICORY, Page A5
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