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allowing leakage of water into the structure, which is weakened by freezing and thawing cycles.
In addition, the firm found, inappropriate repairs made in the past have worsened the conditions. Mortar used in such monuments should be softer than the stone it binds, so that it acts as a shock absorber in freezing-and-thawing cycles.
If the mortar is harder than the stone, the sandstone and marble will crack rather than the mortar. Past use of a toohard mortar—probably Portland cement— has caused damage to the monument, the report states.
The study found fractures along the grain pattern in the marble throughout the monument. The sandstone at the base of the monument “exhibits severe water damage.” The marble is pitted, soiled and stained with growth in several places. Despite some displaced stones, the foundation appears sound and the monument stand
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