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in a Washington apple orchard in the early 1900s, over 500 species of insects have acquired some type of immunity to pesticides. Among these, Mr. Croft says, are about 10-15 “superbugs” with multiple mechanisms of resistance. These superbugs are very, very hard to kill. One example is the extremely destructive Colorado potato beetle. Since 1950,15 insecticides have been introduced in futile attempts to control this extremely destructive pest.
What can be done? Scientists advocate an integrated approach to pest management (IPM) that limits the use of chemicals and combines them with biological and other methods of pest control - crop rotation, developing and planting pest- and diesease-resistant crops, and using parasites, diseases, and other natural enemies of pests.
At Virginia Tech, for example, researchers have recently carried out IPM programs in over 300,000 acres of soybeans, small grains, and alfalfa, saving farmers in the state over $2.4 million. Tech researchers are working on ways to fight cock
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