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Much of the progress in the study of brain and behavior has resulted from technological advances,” said David Harrison, assistant professor of psychology at Virginia Tech. For example, the discovery of electricity and subsequent studies of electrical phenomena led scientists to another discovery - that nerve cells also produce electricity and that these cells use electrical impulses to relay information to each other.
“Studies of electrical phenomena in the 18th century cued us in to the fact that the brain had electrical activity and that this varied with learning and other types of behavior,” Prof. Harrison said. The EEG, or electroencephalograph, has been devised to record the rhythmical electric current that passes through the brain. The patterns obtained can be correlated with the body’s physiological condition (such as sleep), or ■ pathological state (such as epilepsy).
In recent years, computer and electronic technology have been employed in brain research efforts. In 1982, engineers implanted an electronic chip about the size of a thumbnail in the brain of a laboratory beagle. The aim was to monitor on an EEG the brain patterns produced as a result of visual stimulation, such as shining a light in the dog’s eyes.
Working with the Air Farce Institute of Technology in Dayton, Ohio, researchers at Virginia Tech are seeking to make a better chip, one that will include analog-to-digital converters. These converters will allow data to be digitized at the site > of the Implant, producing abrain signal that is “clean and crisp,” said John McKeeman, assistant professor of electrical engineering.
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