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October. At than time, apply Gramoxone or Roundup to kill the sod. Let the dead sod protect the soil surface all winter, then seed the forage mixture with a no-till drill in late February-March. If winter annuals are present, apply a light herbicide application prior to seeding.
Insects are generally not a concern in late winter-early spring seedings. Grasses such as tall fescue are much easier to kill in late fall when they are tender and have to face the long winter dormant period. The sod is already dead when the optimum seeding time arrives in early spring. If you wait until spring to kill the sod, it cannot be done effectively until at least mid-April when the sod has greened up and is actively growing. The later seeding date invites severe weed competition, dry weather, and early potato leafhopper damage on new alfalfa stands.
Fertilizer has not been mentioned, but it is a critical factor. Ideally, lime and fertilizer nutrients should be applied before seeding based on soil test results. However, research results and experience have shown that applications made shortly after seeding are effective, assuming that the seedlings are not “burned” by the application.
For additional information feel free to contact me at the Rappahannock Extension Office at 6753619.
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