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The clipping this text was read from
The clipping this text was read from

These journals tell us that, although Lederer’s party crossed the territory that was inhabited by the Manahoac Indians in the early 1600s, he encountered not a single Indian. In fact, Captain Smith had established the headwaters of the Rappahannock at Chester and Manassas Gaps as Manahoac territory from his conversations with Indian scouts. Historians are agreed that there were no permanent Indian camps in the Blue Ridge, but at one time there were scattered summer camps all over the mountains. The very trail that Lederer followed from the rapids on the Rappahannock to the high ridges towards Front Royal was a Manahoac trail.

Some believe the Indians were terrified of the encroaching white man and some say that their contact with Europeans at their lower camps gave them terrible diseases to which they had no immunity. But the tribes that had camped in the ancient mountains for ten thousand years, burning off the high meadows and fashioning soapstone bowls and pipes on the piedmont side, had vanished somewhere between the turn of the 17th century and 1669, along with many of the other great, peaceful tribes of the southeast.

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