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brown instead of their customery brightness.
Decreasing daylight as the fall days shorten starts the leaves turning. The tree gradually stops producing the plant hormone, auxin, causing corky cells to grow at the base of the leaves, plugging the circulation links with branches and trunk.
Production of the leaves’ food-making green pigment, chlorophyll, stops and it begins to fade away. As it disappears, yellow pigments called carotenes and xanthophylls — previously masked by green chlorophyll—are revealed. They give characteristic yellow colors to willows, aspens, poplars, beeches, hickories, elms, and ashes.
As soon as circulation is blocked, leaves no longer can pass on the sugars they make for the tree. The sugars build up in the leaves and produce bright red anthocyanin pigments, which give full dress to many maples, hawthorns, plums, dogwoods, oaks, and black gums.
Autumnal Avalanche
Sooner or later the leaves may get tired of all this change of life because they give up and start coming down. For even the most
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