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young.
The song is heard from February to August; heard from both the lovely, browntoned, red-tinted female and the brilliant male. Both sexes of Cardinalis cardinalis sing, often in a duet.
Until the end of the 19th century the Cardinal was known as the Southern Redbird, and announced spring only in the southeastern states. In our century, now ending, Cardinals, along with Mockingbirds, Carolina Wrens, Tufted Titmouses and Red-bellied Woodpeackers extended their ranges into the middle Atlantic and New England states. Today, though rare, the Cardinal is seen in southern Canada.
The reasons for this movement north of southern birds are unknown and obscure. There are many theories: a warming trend, and more birds surviving northern winters because of the prevalence of bird feeders. Like other ecological changes, I suspect the reason the Cardinal now occurs in the northern states is a result of a complex, interrelated set of circumstances.
I also think that the slow movement north of three introduced plants had an effect. These troublesome
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