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Virginia Vignettes
Portuguese vessel. These first Africans were likely Kimbundo-speaking Christians from Ndongo, where 4,000 had been captured in 1618. Although probably considered slaves by their captors, they apparently were accorded the status of indentureship in the Virginia colony. As indentured servants they were required to serve a four-to-seven year contract as laborers. Thereafter, they would be free to hire themselves out or work their own land, as Antonio Johnson did on the Eastern Shore. By the 1640s, however, the colony was passing laws that clearly discriminated against Africans, preparing the way for a black slave labor system by the end of the century.
Who was Captain
John Smith?
Captain John Smith (15801631) was a member of the resident council sent by the London
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