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rate it into the soil. Check pH yearly if you use wood ashes. Never use coal ashes or large amounts of wood ashes (not more than 20 pounds per 1,000 square feet), as toxicity problems can occur.
Animals manures are commonly used directly as a garden soil amendment both to improve soil structure and to increase nutrients. The value of manure in terms of the nutrients it contains varies. Fresh horse, sheep, rabbit and poultry manures are quite high in nitrogen and may even “bum” plants if applied directly to a growing garden. They are best applied in the fall and tilled under.
Don’t Work Steep Hillsides
Fall plowing is not recommended for hillside or steep garden plots since the soil, left exposed all winter, is subject to erosion when the spring rains come.
Spring plowing is also better for sandy soils and those where shallow tilling is practiced.
(Dr. Diane Relf is a horticulture specialist with Virginia Cooperative Extension and is a member of the faculty of Virginia Tech.)
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