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are shading the lower parts.
Most tree pruners tend to make too many heading cuts high in the tree. This results in dense growth that shades the lower branches, which may weaken and eventually have to be removed.
The overall approach to pruning mature apple trees should be to thin heavily at the top, and to head back moderately at the lower levels. It is difficult to make too many thinning cuts in the top of the tree.
Pruning in this way will causethe upper branches to drop and lose vigor, and height growth will diminish. More sunlight will penetrate to lower levels, and the lower branches will become sturdier and more fruitful.
Bear in mind that these are very general guidelines that apply mainly to apple trees that are of productive age.
Very young trees need to be headed back to stimulate sprouting and provide a sturdy trunk.
Old trees have pretty well established a basic form that should not be drastically altered. Every tree is different.
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