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gume cover crops can increase the amount of nitrogen in the soil and reduce fertilizer needs.
A deep-rooted cover crop like buckwheat, allowed to grow for a season in problem soil, can help break a hard pan and greatly improve tilth. Incorporate green manures into the soil at least two weeks before planting vegetables. Do not allow them to go to seed.
Fall plowing is not recommended for hillside or steep garden plots since the soil, left exposed all winter, is subject to erosion when the spring rains come. If a winter cover crop is grown to improve soil and prevent erosion, the ground will have to be tilled in the fall to prepare the soil for seed, and again in spring to turn under the green manure.
Spring plowing is better for sandy soils and those where shallow tilling is practiced. Generally, most gardens must be disked or rotarytilled in the spring to smooth the soil for planting. However, as research is being done for no-till methods of crop production, the potential for eliminating the heavy work of tilling or plowing looks increasingly bright.
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