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It has long been accepted that clean cuts with sharp instruments heal faster than sloppy, irregular cuts.
However, the three-cut method best reduces the potential for tree damage.
Shigo’s research has identified the best locations for these cuts: a swollen area at the junction of the branch and main trunk. Called a collar, this swollen area has been shown to produce chemicals that inhibit fungal growth. ,,
A cut made completely flush with the trunk removes much of the collar tissue and leaves a larger wound. Therefore, cuts should be made at the outer edge of the collar. This leaves a short stump but retards fungal growth and promotes more rapid healing.
The best time to prune is in late winter or early spring after the worst of the winter weather has passed but before the tree breaks dormancy and begins to grow.
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