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Several years ago, Senator Charles Mathias iR-MD) initiated action to fund a program to expedite action on the problems of the Chesapeake Bay. The Bay’s water quality problems have become more severe each year, as commercial and residential development increases in the watersheds and along the shoreline of the Bay. More than 34 different organizations - government, academic, and advisory bodies - have been concerned about the condition of the Chesapeake. This greatest of the national estauries, with its 8,000 miles of shoreline, is the sewage conduit for the Washington, Baltimore, Richmond, and Norfolk areas. Energy producers use it as a highway for fuel and a source of cooling water for the power-generating facilities which ring the Bay. Urban development has resulted in the cutting of the forests, the clearing of topsoil, and the paving of thousands of acres of land which served as a barrier for sediment and a sponge for rainfall. In the Potomac River alone, 50 million tons of sediment annually flow downstream toward the Bay. Massive use of pesticides and herbicides - some of
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