Block · one region of the page, as the scanner read it. It may hold a whole story, part of one, several, or an advertisement; stitching blocks into articles is the next step. Text is supplied OCR.
Page 4 · column 1 of 7 · from the scan, no model involved
How did the Framers of the Constitution deal with this? Control of the military was divided between the President and Congress. Congress had the power to raise armies and fleets and to call out the militia. The forces thus created would be the President’s to command. Congress had the power to declare war, but the President could still "make” war if the nation’s security was threatened. The Framers were well aware that nations fought “undeclared” wars and engaged in raids, pre-emptive strikes and reprisals. The first three presidents, Washington, Adams and Jefferson, all had to commit American forces to combat without formal Congressional declarations of war.
The responsibility for carrying out foreign policies short of war, however, was divided differently. Article II invests the President with “the executive Power.” Under this article is the power to make treaties and appoint ambassadors with the “advice and consent” of only one
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